Capillary Potential The work required to move a unit mass of water from the reference plane to any point in the soil column. The capillary fringe is also called the capillary zone. This layer ranges in depth from a couple of inches, to a few feet, and it depends on the pore sizes of the materials. Capillary Fringe The soil area just above the water table where water can rise up slightly through the cohesive force of capillary action. CAPE An acronym for Convective Available Potential Energy. As a result, thunderstorms showing rapid growth within or very near a strongly capped region become severe. Therefore, severe storms often form along these lid boundaries, where the release of potential instability is favored. This is a result of developing thunderstorms competing for a limited amount of available moisture. As a result, convection tends to be widespread, but less intense. Meanwhile, when there is no cap, either process (warming/moistening at low levels or cooling aloft) results in a faster release of available instability - often before instability levels become large enough to support severe weather development. The cap is an important ingredient in most severe thunderstorm episodes, as it serves to separate warm, moist air below and cooler, drier air above. This delay in the onset of convection increases the severe potential for a limited number of cells that manage to punch through the cap or reach the boundary separating capped from uncapped region. This in turn increases the amount of potential instability.Īlso, the air above it can cool, which also increases potential instability. A strong cap prevents widespread convection from occurring thus, it allows low level heat and moisture to increase over a period of time. This occurs even when the instability is excessive. Empirical studies show that a cap greater than 2☌ often precludes thunderstorms in the absence of a strong dynamical or forced lift. It measures the ability of stable air aloft (a layer of relatively warm air) to inhibit low-level parcel ascent. Calm A condition when no air motion is detected. C-Band Radar A radar operating in the 3,900 to 6,200 megahertz range whose wavelength is generally accepted as 5 centimeters.
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